Time modifiers

Use time modifiers to customize the time range of a search or change the format of the timestamps in the search results.

_time and _indextime fields

When an event is processed by Splunk software, its timestamp is saved as the default field _time. This timestamp, which is the time when the event occurred, is saved in UNIX time notation. Searching with relative time modifiers, earliest or latest, finds every event with a timestamp beginning, ending, or between the specified timestamps.

For example, when you search for earliest=-4h, the search finds every event with a _time value in the last four hours.

You also have the option of searching for events based on when they were indexed. The UNIX time is saved in the _indextime field. Similar to earliest and latest for the _time field, you can use the relative time modifiers _index_earliest and _index_latest to search for events based on _indextime. For example, if you wanted to search for events indexed in the previous hour, use: _index_earliest=-h _index_latest=now().

Note: When using index-time based modifiers such as index_earliest and index_latest, your search must also have an event-time window which will retrieve the events. In other words, chunks of events might be ruled out based on the non index-time window as well as the index-time window. To be certain of retrieving every event based on index-time, you must run your search using All Time.

List of time modifiers

Use the earliest and latest modifiers to specify custom and relative time ranges. You can specify an exact time such as earliest="10/5/2016:20:00:00", or a relative time such as earliest=-h or latest=-15m.

When specifying relative time, you can use the now() modifier to refer to the current time.

Modifier	Syntax	Description
earliest	earliest=[+|-]<time_integer><time_unit>	Specify the earliest _time for the time range of your search.
_index_earliest	_index_earliest=[+|-]<time_integer><time_unit>	Specify the earliest _indextime for the time range of your search.
_index_latest	_index_latest=[+|-]<time_integer><time_unit>	Specify the latest _indextime for the time range of your search.
latest	latest=[+|-]<time_integer><time_unit>	Specify the latest time for the _time range of your search.
now	now()	Refers to the current time. If set to earliest, now() is the start of the search.
time	time()	In real-time searches, time() is the current machine time.

For more information about customizing your search window, see Specify real-time time range windows in your search in the Search Manual.

How to specify relative time modifiers

You can define the relative time in your search with a string of characters that indicate time amount (integer and unit).

The syntax for using time modifiers is [+|-]<time_integer><time_unit>

The steps to specify a relative time modifier are:

1. Indicate the time offset from the current time.
2. Define the time amount, which is a number and a unit.

Indicate the time offset

Begin your string with a plus (+) or minus (-) to indicate the offset from the current time.

Define the time amount

Define your time amount with a number and a unit. The supported time units are:

• second: s, sec, secs, second, seconds
• minute: m, min, minute, minutes
• hour: h, hr, hrs, hour, hours
• day: d, day, days
• week: w, week, weeks
• month: mon, month, months
• quarter: q, qtr, qtrs, quarter, quarters
• year: y, yr, yrs, year, years

For example, to start your search an hour ago, use either of the following time modifiers.

earliest=-h

or

earliest=-60m

When specifying single time amounts, the number one is implied. An 's' is the same as '1s', 'm' is the same as '1m', 'h' is the same as '1h', and so forth.

Examples

1. Search the events from the last 7 days

earliest=-7d

2. Search with an exact date as a boundary

With a boundary such as from November 5 at 8 PM to November 12 at 8 PM, use the timeformat %m/%d/%Y:%H:%M:%S.

earliest="11/5/2017:20:00:00" latest="11/12/2017:20:00:00"

3. Specify multiple time windows

You can specify multiple time windows using the timeformat %m/%d/%Y:%H:%M:%S. For example to find events from 5-6 PM or 7-8 PM on specific dates, use the following syntax.

(earliest=“1/22/2018:17:00:00" latest="1/22/2018:18:00:00") OR (earliest="1/22/2018:19:00:00" latest="1/22/2018:20:00:00")

Other time modifiers

These search time modifiers are still valid, but might be removed and their function no longer supported in a future release.

Modifier	Syntax	Description
daysago	daysago=<int>	Search events within the last integer number of days.
enddaysago	enddaysago=<int>	Set an end time for an integer number of days before Now.
endhoursago	endhoursago=<int>	Set an end time for an integer number of hours before Now.
endminutesago	endminutesago=<int>	Set an end time for an integer number of minutes before Now.
endmonthsago	endmonthsago=<int>	Set an end time for an integer number of months before Now.
endtime	endtime=<string>	Search for events before the specified time (exclusive of the specified time). Use timeformat to specify how the timestamp is formatted.
endtimeu	endtimeu=<int>	Search for events before the specific UNIX time.
hoursago	hoursago=<int>	Search events within the last integer number of hours.
minutesago	minutesago=<int>	Search events within the last integer number of minutes.
monthsago	monthsago=<int>	Search events within the last integer number of months.
searchtimespandays	searchtimespandays=<int>	Search within a specified range of days, expressed as an integer.
searchtimespanhours	searchtimespanhours=<int>	Search within a specified range of hours, expressed as an integer.
searchtimespanminutes	searchtimespanminutes=<int>	Search within a specified range of minutes, expressed as an integer.
searchtimespanmonths	searchtimespanmonths=<int>	Search within a specified range of months, expressed as an integer.
startdaysago	startdaysago=<int>	Search the specified number of days before the present time.
starthoursago	starthoursago=<int>	Search the specified number of hours before the present time.
startminutesago	startminutesago=<int>	Search the specified number of minutes before the present time.
startmonthsago	startmonthsago=<int>	Search the specified number of months before the present time.
starttime	starttime=<timestamp>	Search from the specified date and time to the present, inclusive of the specified time.
starttimeu	starttimeu=<int>	Search for events starting from the specific UNIX time.
timeformat	timeformat=<string>	Set the timeformat for the starttime and endtime modifiers. By default: timeformat=%m/%d/%Y:%H:%M:%S

]