Search Reference

where

Description

The where command uses eval-expressions to filter search results. These eval-expressions must be Boolean expressions, where the expression returns either true or false. The where command returns only the results for which the eval expression returns true.

Syntax

where <eval-expression>

Required arguments

eval-expression

Syntax: <eval-mathematical-expression> | <eval-concatenate-expression> | <eval-comparison-expression> | <eval-boolean-expression> | <eval-function-call>

Description: A combination of values, variables, operators, and functions that represent the value of your destination field. See Usage.

The syntax of the eval expression is checked before running the search, and an exception is thrown for an invalid expression.

The following table describes characteristics of eval expressions that require special handling.

Expression characteristics	Description	Example
Field names starting with numeric characters	If the expression references a field name that starts with a numeric character, the field name must be surrounded by single quotation marks.	'5minutes'="late" This expression is a field name equal to a string value. Because the field starts with a numeric it must be enclosed in single quotations. Because the value is a string, it must be enclosed in double quotations.
Field names with non-alphanumeric characters	If the expression references a field name that contains non-alphanumeric characters, the field name must be surrounded by single quotation marks.	new=count+'server-1' This expression could be interpreted as a mathematical equation, where the dash is interpreted as a minus sign. To avoid this, you must enclose the field name server-1 in single quotation marks.
Literal strings	If the expression references a literal string, the literal string must be surrounded by double quotation marks.	new="server-"+count There are two issues with this example. First, server- could be interpreted as a field name or as part of a mathematical equation, that uses a minus sign and a plus sign. To ensure that server- is interpreted as a literal string, enclose the string in double quotation marks.

Usage

The where command is a distributable streaming command. See Command types.

The where command uses the same expression syntax as the eval command. Also, both commands interpret quoted strings as literals. If the string is not quoted, it is treated as a field name. Because of this, you can use the where command to compare two different fields, which you cannot use the search command to do.

Command	Example	Description
Where	... | where foo=bar	This search looks for events where the field foo is equal to the field bar.
Search	| search foo=bar	This search looks for events where the field foo contains the string value bar.
Where	... | where foo="bar"	This search looks for events where the field foo contains the string value bar.

Boolean expressions

The order in which Boolean expressions are evaluated with the where command is:

1. Expressions within parentheses
2. NOT clauses
3. AND clauses
4. OR clauses

This evaluation order is different than the order used with the search command. The search command evaluates OR clauses before AND clauses.

Using a wildcard with the where command

You can only specify a wildcard by using the like function with the where command. The percent ( % ) symbol is the wildcard the you use with the like function. See the like() evaluation function.

Functions

You can use a wide range of functions with the where command. For general information about using functions, see Evaluation functions.

The following table lists the supported functions by type of function. Use the links in the table to learn more about each function, and to see examples.

Type of function	Supported functions and syntax
Comparison and Conditional functions	case(X,"Y",...) cidrmatch("X",Y) coalesce(X,...) false() if(X,Y,Z)	in(VALUE-LIST) like(TEXT, PATTERN) match(SUBJECT, "REGEX") null()	nullif(X,Y) searchmatch(X) true() validate(X,Y,...)
Conversion functions	printf("format",arguments)	tonumber(NUMSTR,BASE)	tostring(X,Y)
Cryptographic functions	md5(X) sha1(X)	sha256(X)	sha512(X)
Date and Time functions	now() relative_time(X,Y)	strftime(X,Y) strptime(X,Y)	time()
Informational functions	isbool(X) isint(X) isnotnull(X)	isnull(X) isnum(X)	isstr(X) typeof(X)
Mathematical functions	abs(X) ceiling(X) exact(X) exp(X)	floor(X) ln(X) log(X,Y) pi()	pow(X,Y) round(X,Y) sigfig(X) sqrt(X)
Multivalue eval functions	commands(X) mvappend(X,...) mvcount(MVFIELD) mvdedup(X)	mvfilter(X) mvfind(MVFIELD,"REGEX") mvindex(MVFIELD,STARTINDEX,ENDINDEX) mvjoin(MVFIELD,STR)	mvrange(X,Y,Z) mvsort(X) mvzip(X,Y,"Z") split(X,"Y")
Statistical eval functions	max(X,...)	min(X,...)	random()
Text functions	len(X) lower(X) ltrim(X,Y) replace(X,Y,Z)	rtrim(X,Y) spath(X,Y) substr(X,Y,Z)	trim(X,Y) upper(X) urldecode(X)
Trigonometry and Hyperbolic functions	acos(X) acosh(X) asin(X) asinh(X) atan(X)	atan2(X,Y) atanh(X) cos(X) cosh(X) hypot(X,Y)	sin(X) sinh(X) tan(X) tanh(X)

Examples

1. Specify a wildcard with the where command

You can only specify a wildcard with the where command by using the like function. The percent ( % ) symbol is the wildcard you must use with the like function. The where command returns like=TRUE if the ipaddress field starts with the value 198..

... | where like(ipaddress, "198.%")

2. Match IP addresses or a subnet using the where command

Return "CheckPoint" events that match the IP or is in the specified subnet.

host="CheckPoint" | where like(src, "10.9.165.%") OR cidrmatch("10.9.165.0/25", dst)

2. Specify a calculation in the where command expression

Return "physicsjobs" events with a speed is greater than 100.

sourcetype=physicsjobs | where distance/time > 100

See also

eval, search, regex

Answers

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